Stress analysis forms a critical foundation of structural design across civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering disciplines. Determining the state of stress on structural components enables predicting failure and fracture risks. When any structural component experiences complex multi-axial loading scenarios, the stress state at a given point must be simplified into principal directions to enable accurate…
Aluminum alloys offer engineers desirable qualities like light weight, corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratios, and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. However, for structural design applications, aluminum’s lower elastic modulus compares unfavorably to steel. As an intensive property independent of geometry, aluminum’s Young’s modulus ranges 65-75 GPa, around a third that of carbon steel. This lower…
Young’s modulus of steel represents the elastic stiffness property defining deformation resistance in steel. Correctly leveraging Young’s modulus data enables optimizing civil infrastructure design for safety and serviceability. This article details calculating, testing and applying this vital mechanical characteristic. Calculating Young’s Modulus of Steel Young’s modulus quantifies steel’s inherent elasticity through the slope of its…